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Sachin Monga

Episode #254

Head of Product

Substack

📈Growth & Metrics🔍User Research👥Team & Culture

📝Full Transcript

13,178 words
Sachin Monga (00:00:00): I really think that we're just starting into this golden era of what it might mean to be a writer on the internet. The economic model for supporting great writing on the internet has been generally pretty terrible for the entirety of the internet's history. In the early days of Substack, there's a couple of these glimmers of hope where you'd have people like Matt Taibbi or Bill Bishop, some of the early writers on Substack that were really well established writers who were clearly just being undervalued and now could come to Substack and see their true value. Sachin Monga (00:00:33): And that was awesome. That was really cool to see. But in the last year or so, even in the last few months, I think there's been so many really interesting success stories now from writers who might not even consider themselves writers. People who are able to make a living, maybe even make a fortune just doing great work and not needing to have millions and millions of viewers or play the attention games of other networks, but just do really high quality work and have a relatively small number of people value it highly enough to pay for it. Lenny (00:01:07): Welcome to Lenny's Podcast. I'm Lenny, and my goal here is to help you get better at the craft of building and growing products. Today, my guest is Sachin Monga, who is currently the head of product at Substack. Before Substack, he had a startup called Cocoon that he sold to Substack. And before that, he spent over seven years at Facebook working on the video and camera products, building out the developer platform, and leading the ads growth team. In our conversation, we dig into all things Substack, what it's like to build product at Substack, how different it is to work at a startup versus a big company like Facebook, the future of the Substack product. Lenny (00:01:42): We also spent a lot of time on what I venture to say will go down in history as one of the most legendary growth features ever create...

💡 Key Takeaways

  • 1Prioritize user agency over algorithmic engagement to build long-term trust.
  • 2In hyper-growth startups, any process you build will be obsolete in 6 months; focus on improvement velocity rather than perfect structure.
  • 3Network effects can be engineered through human curation (Recommendations) rather than just black-box algorithms.
  • 4Product leaders in founder-led startups should act as facilitators first to bridge the vision gap between founders and new teams.
  • 5Facilitate growth by solving the 'cold start' problem for creators through peer-to-peer recommendations.
  • 6Don't worry about audience perception; launch early and iterate, as subscribers are often more forgiving than creators expect.

📚Methodologies (3)

📈 Growth & Metrics

Instead of a centralized 'People You May Know' algorithm, Substack enables writers to explicitly recommend other newsletters. This leverages the trust readers have in a specific writer to drive high-intent subscriptions to others, creating a viral loop based on human curation rather than machine optimization.

Core Principles

  • 1.Human Curation: Writers manually select who they endorse, ensuring quality signal.
  • 2.Contextual Relevance: Recommendations appear immediately after a user subscribes, capitalizing on high-intent moments.
  • 3.Reciprocal Growth: Driving subscriptions for others creates a goodwill loop where they reciprocate.
  • +1 more...

"What if we just asked writers, who do you recommend? What if we just put that in the subscribe flow and just made it as simple as possible?"

#trust-based#discovery#network
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🔍 User Research

Before a general rollout, Substack engages a 'Product Lab'—a curated group of roughly 100 engaged writers. They involve these users at the mockup stage, not just the beta stage, to shape the feature's direction and ensure it aligns with user needs before engineering resources are fully committed.

Core Principles

  • 1.Early Inclusion: Involve power users when the idea is just a mockup.
  • 2.Representative Cohort: Create a formal 'Product Lab' of distinct user archetypes.
  • 3.Qualitative over Quantitative: Focus on sentiment and 'does this feel right' over pure metrics initially.
  • +1 more...

"It's almost like a sub principle of the put readers in charge, put writers in charge. How do you build product responsibly if you care deeply about that?"

#'build#with'#pilot
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👥 Team & Culture

In hyper-growth startups, the definition of a 'good job' changes constantly. Leaders must accept that any process implemented today will likely break in 3-6 months. The goal is not a stable process, but continuous adaptation of the process to match the company's current scale.

Core Principles

  • 1.Anticipate Obsolescence: Assume your new process has a shelf life of months, not years.
  • 2.Facilitation over Decision: The Head of Product connects the Founder's vision to new hires rather than just making isolated decisions.
  • 3.Time as the Variable: Unlike Big Tech (where trade-offs are absolute), Startups prioritize sequencing (now vs. later).
  • +1 more...

"Whatever our process is, we're never going to have a perfect one. And even if we did, it would soon be obsolete because we did a really good job and now we've grown 2X."

#process#obsolescence#mindset
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